The Starkiller
11-abr-2005, 11:29
http://www.exn.ca/starwars/taoism.cfm
The Tao of Star Wars
Que la Fuerza te acompañe. Murmura estas famosas palabras y no tepuedes confundir.. Te estás refiriendo a la Fuerza motriz (perdonarás el chiste malo) detrás del mundo de Star Wars, donde explotan planetas y hay guerras intergalácticas. Pero ¿exactamente qué es? En las palabras del personaje llamado Obi-wan Kenobi, un Caballero Jedi :
"La Fuerza es lo que le da a un Jedi su poder. Es un campo de energía credo por todos los seres vivientes. Nos rodea y nos penetra. Mantiene a la galaxia unida."
Lindo. Un poder dentro de todos nostros que podemos manipular para, digamos, derrotar un Imperio entero o controlar a la galaxia. Realizado en un mundo de Caballeros Jedi, princesas y malvadas tropas imperiales, es una atractiva base para un cuento de hadas de hiper-tecnología. Pero, por mucho que La Fuerza sea un sinónimo del mundo irreal de Star Wars, algunos de sus principios básicos sí se encuentran en la vida real, en una filosofía china llamada taoísmo.
"El Tao es como, pues, una fuerza que permea el universo," dice Anne Collins Smith, una profesora de estudios clásicos y filosofía en la Susquehanna University de Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. "Es la fuente del universo, pero también ES el universo."
Hay suficientes similaridades entre La Fuerza y el Tao como para que Smith, una ávida aficionada de Star Wars, use la película para ayudarse a explicar mejor los conceptos del Taoism en sus clases. El taoísmo es una de las dos mayores tradiciones nativas religio-filosóficas que han dado forma al estilo chino de vida durante más de 2,000 años. Un maestro taoísta misterios llamdo Lao-tsé, un archivista en la corte de la dinastía Chou (hacia el año 1111-255 A de C) e instructor de Confucio, se dice que es uno de sus fundadores, después de escribir una serie de poemas llamado el Tao-te Ching.
Pronto traduzco el resto
Tao, often translated as the way or the path, is the ineffable, eternal, creative reality that is the source and end of all things. Te refers to the manifestation of Tao within all things. Thus, to fully possess Te, one must be in perfect harmony with one's original nature.
Put another way, the Tao can be understood in three ways, explains Smith. It is the nature of the universe. It is also your true essence. And it is the way to lead your life. "Really this meaning ties the other two together, because the way to lead your life is to get your personal Tao in touch with the Tao of the whole universe."
Sound familiar? "Be one with the force, Luke," advises his teacher Obi-wan Kenobi, as our hero learns the "ways of the Force".
A key principle in becoming a master Taoist, is wu-wei, sometimes translated as creative inaction. "It literally means getting things done without doing anything," says Smith. But perhaps it's better described as an action that is so well in accordance with things, that there is no evidence of the action. To the Taoist, any deliberate intervention in the natural order of things will eventually turn into the opposite of what was intended and result in failure. And that is a common theme in Star Wars, says Smith.
Take the scene from the first Star Wars movie, where Obi-wan Kenobi is teaching Luke Skywalker the "ways of the Force" on Han Solo's Millennium Falcon. Luke is trying hard to avoid laser blasts from a remote, but fails miserably. When Obi-wan Kenobi places a blaster helmet on his head so he can't see, he easily deflects the remote's laser blasts.
Luke Skywalker turns off his targeting computer to take a shot at the first Death Star. "That's really Taoist."
And remember the last battle scene when Luke blows up the Death Star? Several deliberate attempts by the Rebels, using a targeting computer, end in failure. But when Luke, once again listens to Obi-wan Kenobi to "use the Force", he turns off the device and takes a successful shot. "That's really Taoist," says Smith.
One poem in the Tao-te Ching describes the Tao like this:
The Tao is like a bellows: it is empty yet infinitely capable. The more you use it, the more it produces; The more you talk of it, the less you understand.
This idea of doing rather than understanding is paralleled in Luke Skywalker's experiences with his second Jedi teacher, the small, wrinkled Yoda. When Luke tries and fails to lift out his spacecraft from a swamp after trying to get a mental grip on such an impossible-seeming feat, Yoda replies "Try not. Do," and effortlessly raises the ship onto dry land.
But that's where the analogies end. Taoism "celebrates a kind of agrarian lifestyle where people are very much in tune with nature - trees, grass and growing things," points out Smith. "It's against the idea of conscious manipulation of the environment." Not exactly in line with the technology-driven world of Star Wars.
In Taoism, the yin yang symbol represents the unity of apparent opposites in the universe.
The Force is also expressed as two opposites - good vs. evil, dark vs. light. And on a superficial level, it has a parallel in Taoism. One of its icons is the yin yang symbol. A circle divided in two, it represents the unity of apparent opposites. The Yin represents the dark, death, winter and female side of the universe, while the Yang symboilizes the light, life, summer and male side.
But unlike the theme of the positive energy of the Force overcoming the Dark Side in Star Wars, the two sides are inseparable in Taoism.
"The ethics in Taoism is to respect both the yin and the yang aspects because both are necessary," explains Owen Smith, also a philosophy and classical studies professor at Susquehana University and Smith's husband. "It is a mistake philosophically to try and foster the yang at the expense of the yin."
A mistake for those practicing Taoism, but it's a perfect way to incorporate a mysterious, unidentified religious force into a fairy tale.
The Tao of Star Wars
Que la Fuerza te acompañe. Murmura estas famosas palabras y no tepuedes confundir.. Te estás refiriendo a la Fuerza motriz (perdonarás el chiste malo) detrás del mundo de Star Wars, donde explotan planetas y hay guerras intergalácticas. Pero ¿exactamente qué es? En las palabras del personaje llamado Obi-wan Kenobi, un Caballero Jedi :
"La Fuerza es lo que le da a un Jedi su poder. Es un campo de energía credo por todos los seres vivientes. Nos rodea y nos penetra. Mantiene a la galaxia unida."
Lindo. Un poder dentro de todos nostros que podemos manipular para, digamos, derrotar un Imperio entero o controlar a la galaxia. Realizado en un mundo de Caballeros Jedi, princesas y malvadas tropas imperiales, es una atractiva base para un cuento de hadas de hiper-tecnología. Pero, por mucho que La Fuerza sea un sinónimo del mundo irreal de Star Wars, algunos de sus principios básicos sí se encuentran en la vida real, en una filosofía china llamada taoísmo.
"El Tao es como, pues, una fuerza que permea el universo," dice Anne Collins Smith, una profesora de estudios clásicos y filosofía en la Susquehanna University de Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. "Es la fuente del universo, pero también ES el universo."
Hay suficientes similaridades entre La Fuerza y el Tao como para que Smith, una ávida aficionada de Star Wars, use la película para ayudarse a explicar mejor los conceptos del Taoism en sus clases. El taoísmo es una de las dos mayores tradiciones nativas religio-filosóficas que han dado forma al estilo chino de vida durante más de 2,000 años. Un maestro taoísta misterios llamdo Lao-tsé, un archivista en la corte de la dinastía Chou (hacia el año 1111-255 A de C) e instructor de Confucio, se dice que es uno de sus fundadores, después de escribir una serie de poemas llamado el Tao-te Ching.
Pronto traduzco el resto
Tao, often translated as the way or the path, is the ineffable, eternal, creative reality that is the source and end of all things. Te refers to the manifestation of Tao within all things. Thus, to fully possess Te, one must be in perfect harmony with one's original nature.
Put another way, the Tao can be understood in three ways, explains Smith. It is the nature of the universe. It is also your true essence. And it is the way to lead your life. "Really this meaning ties the other two together, because the way to lead your life is to get your personal Tao in touch with the Tao of the whole universe."
Sound familiar? "Be one with the force, Luke," advises his teacher Obi-wan Kenobi, as our hero learns the "ways of the Force".
A key principle in becoming a master Taoist, is wu-wei, sometimes translated as creative inaction. "It literally means getting things done without doing anything," says Smith. But perhaps it's better described as an action that is so well in accordance with things, that there is no evidence of the action. To the Taoist, any deliberate intervention in the natural order of things will eventually turn into the opposite of what was intended and result in failure. And that is a common theme in Star Wars, says Smith.
Take the scene from the first Star Wars movie, where Obi-wan Kenobi is teaching Luke Skywalker the "ways of the Force" on Han Solo's Millennium Falcon. Luke is trying hard to avoid laser blasts from a remote, but fails miserably. When Obi-wan Kenobi places a blaster helmet on his head so he can't see, he easily deflects the remote's laser blasts.
Luke Skywalker turns off his targeting computer to take a shot at the first Death Star. "That's really Taoist."
And remember the last battle scene when Luke blows up the Death Star? Several deliberate attempts by the Rebels, using a targeting computer, end in failure. But when Luke, once again listens to Obi-wan Kenobi to "use the Force", he turns off the device and takes a successful shot. "That's really Taoist," says Smith.
One poem in the Tao-te Ching describes the Tao like this:
The Tao is like a bellows: it is empty yet infinitely capable. The more you use it, the more it produces; The more you talk of it, the less you understand.
This idea of doing rather than understanding is paralleled in Luke Skywalker's experiences with his second Jedi teacher, the small, wrinkled Yoda. When Luke tries and fails to lift out his spacecraft from a swamp after trying to get a mental grip on such an impossible-seeming feat, Yoda replies "Try not. Do," and effortlessly raises the ship onto dry land.
But that's where the analogies end. Taoism "celebrates a kind of agrarian lifestyle where people are very much in tune with nature - trees, grass and growing things," points out Smith. "It's against the idea of conscious manipulation of the environment." Not exactly in line with the technology-driven world of Star Wars.
In Taoism, the yin yang symbol represents the unity of apparent opposites in the universe.
The Force is also expressed as two opposites - good vs. evil, dark vs. light. And on a superficial level, it has a parallel in Taoism. One of its icons is the yin yang symbol. A circle divided in two, it represents the unity of apparent opposites. The Yin represents the dark, death, winter and female side of the universe, while the Yang symboilizes the light, life, summer and male side.
But unlike the theme of the positive energy of the Force overcoming the Dark Side in Star Wars, the two sides are inseparable in Taoism.
"The ethics in Taoism is to respect both the yin and the yang aspects because both are necessary," explains Owen Smith, also a philosophy and classical studies professor at Susquehana University and Smith's husband. "It is a mistake philosophically to try and foster the yang at the expense of the yin."
A mistake for those practicing Taoism, but it's a perfect way to incorporate a mysterious, unidentified religious force into a fairy tale.